Learn English Translation and Essay Writing

اصول حاکم برترجمه‌ي مبتني بر تعادل صوري

FE = Formal – Equivalent

        ترجمه مبتني بر تعادل صوري مبدأ مدار است و حتي الامکان صورت و محتواي پيام مبدأ را ظاهر مي کند يا حداقل سعي مي کند که ظاهر کند. در نيل به اين هدف، موارد زير را اعمال مي کند:

 1– واحد‌‌هاي دستوري زبان مبدأ را بازسازي مي کند:

          اسم‌‌ها را به اسم و فعل‌‌ها را به فعل و.... تبديل، تمام عبارات و جملات و علايم نوشتاري را حفظ مي کند.

     2- يک‌دستي در کاربرد واژگان را اعمال مي کند (اتحاد واژگاني):

         اگر در صفحه‌ي اول، کلمه human را به انسان ترجمه کرده ، تا آخر بايد به همان کلمه ترجمه کند. يک چنين ترجم‌هاي ممکن است تا حد بي معني شدن اصطلاحات پيش برود. (براي جبران اين ضعف ممکن است مترجم، براي رساندن مفهوم،  از علايم کروشه، پرانتز و يا حروف آيتاليک استفاده کند در حالي‌که ممکن است در متن اصلي موجود نباشد)

"All people in my hometown know a second language."

Please, use the above sentence in your oun sentemces as:

NP1

Np2

NP3

Appositive

In an introgative sentence

In passive voice

In an exclamatory sentence

"If you wish you my use these verbs: confess, declare, announce, accept, find out, report, write, be, ..."

Now translate your sentences into Farsi, please.

Introductions

The introduction is the first sentence of your essay and it plays the dual role of setting the theme of your essay and engaging the reader. The introduction should not be overly formal. You do not want an admissions officer to start reading your essay and think, "here we go again." Although admissions officers will try to give the entire essay a fair reading, they are only human -- if you lose them after the first sentence, the rest of your essay will not get the attention it deserves.

General Tips

The Conquest of Mt. Everest

       I.        Introduction

      II.        Background Information

                      A.        Location of Mt. Everest

                      B.        Geography of the Surrounding Area

                      C.        Facts about Mt. Everest

                                      1.        Height of the mountain

                                      2.        How the mountain was named

                                                      a.        Peak XV

                                                      b.        Joloungma (Tibetan name)

                                                      c.        Sagarmatha (Nepalese name)

                                      3.        The number of people who have climbed Everest to date

      III.        Major Explorers Covered in this Paper

                      A.        Sir Edmund Hillary

                                      1.        First to reach the summit (1953)

                                      2.        Led a team of experienced mountain climbers who worked together

                      B.        Tenzing Norgay and the Sherpas

                                      1.        Norgay was an experienced climber and guide who accompanied Hillary

                                      2.        Sherpas still used to guide expeditions

                      C.        Rob Hall

                                      1.        Leader of the failed 1996 expedition

                                      2.        Led group of (mainly) tourists with little mountain climbing experience

     IV.        The Impact Expeditions have had on Mt. Everest and Local Community

                      A.        Ecological Effects

                                      1.        Loss of trees due to high demand for wood for cooking and heating for tourists.

                                      2.        Piles of trash left by climbing expeditions

                      B.        Economic Effects

                                      1.        Expedition fees provide income for the country

                                      2.        Expeditions provide work for the Sherpas, contributing to the local economy.

                      C.        Cultural Effects

                                      1.        Introduction of motor vehicles

                                      2.        Introduction of electricity

Conclusion

Good Translation: Art, Craft, or Science?

Abstract

Throughout history, translation has made inter-linguistic communication between peoples possible. Theoretically, one can consider translation a science; practically, it seems rational to consider it an art. However, regardless of whether one considers translation as a science, art, or craft, one should bear in mind that a good translation should fulfill the same function in the TL as the original did in the SL.

Key words: Culture, SL, TL, Translation.

1. Introduction

Human beings, throughout history, have made an effort to take advantage of various methods of communication with the intention of utilizing the knowledge of other nations and endeavoring to preserve this knowledge for the coming generations. As the most effective methods of communication, language has been employed to satisfy the very need of communication. The predicament that may emerge as an obstacle in the way of communication seems to be the fact of dissimilarity of languages throughout the world. In today's world, communication between different nations with different languages is feasible through translation.

 seven ways to build up your writing confidence 

Do you ever worry that your writing isn’t good enough? Maybe you’re scared to let anyone read your latest short story. Or perhaps it’s worse than that – you find yourself agonising over every email that you write. You’re not alone. Most writers – even those who make a living from their craft – lack confidence at times. Writing is, after all, a daunting thing to do: you’re putting down your thoughts on the page and hoping that they’ll be worthy of someone else’s time and attention. A lack of confidence, though, can be crippling. It leads writers to give up before they’ve even begun – or to fret for hours over the simplest of writing tasks. Whether you’re struggling to get to grips with grammar or preparing to launch your third novel, you can become more confident. Here’s how.

1- How bwautifully he could play his role in the play!

2- Is there a skillful designer for designing attrctive dresses in your city?

3- He is a mysterious big blck African man.

4- I find you happy.

5- He/ She bought the book for his/her intimate (sincere) friend.

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برای آموزش مجازی (از طریق اینترنت) ترجمه متون انگلیسی به فارسی و مقاله نویسی به زبان  انگلیسی ثبت نام به عمل می آید. علاقمندان می توانند از طریق آدرس ایمیل زیر اطّلاعات کسب کنند

  azimsarvdalir@yahoo.com

 جهت اطلاع بیشتر به عنوان آموزش و کارگاه ترجمه STS مراجعه نمایند.

1-      I Consulted a man standing in the yard behaind the building around whom the birds colorful are flying.

2-      The students of English translation from different countries from different parts of the world translated their scientific articles on different subjects previously discussed in the class (when) all the students were present.